The evolution of BRICS from a loose economic grouping into a major political platform reflects the changing realities of global power. What began in 2001 as an idea to identify emerging economies has today transformed into a coalition that seeks to challenge the dominance of traditional Western-led institutions. With the expansion of the grouping into BRICS+, the alliance now represents more than half of the world’s population and a significant share of global economic activity. The Delhi summit arrives at a time when the international system is witnessing instability, geopolitical tensions and growing dissatisfaction among developing nations with the existing global order.The importance of BRICS lies in the fact that it gives a collective voice to countries that often feel sidelined in international decision-making. Many of its members face similar concerns such as economic vulnerability, dependence on imported energy, pressure from powerful nations, unequal trade arrangements and limited influence in global financial institutions. For years, countries of the Global South have argued that the present world system disproportionately favours wealthy nations while emerging economies bear the burden of economic shocks, sanctions, climate pressures and geopolitical rivalries.The Delhi summit is therefore more than a diplomatic gathering. It is an attempt by emerging nations to assert their strategic independence and demand reforms in international governance. BRICS leaders have repeatedly called for changes in institutions such as the United Nations Security Council, the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, arguing that these bodies no longer reflect current global realities. Nations like India, Brazil and South Africa believe that developing economies deserve greater representation in institutions that shape international political and economic policies.India’s role within BRICS has become increasingly significant. While maintaining relations with the West, India has also strongly defended the principle of strategic autonomy. External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar’s criticism of unilateral sanctions and coercive diplomacy highlights India’s effort to present itself as a balanced and independent global actor. India’s position reflects the broader sentiment among developing nations that no country should be forced into geopolitical camps or compelled to sacrifice its national interests under external pressure.Another key issue dominating the summit is the instability in West Asia and its impact on global energy security. Rising tensions around major shipping routes and conflicts in energy-producing regions have created uncertainty in international markets. For developing countries that rely heavily on imported oil and gas, these disruptions translate into inflation, rising transport costs and economic instability. BRICS nations are therefore emphasizing dialogue, diplomacy and peaceful resolution of conflicts as essential for global economic stability.Despite its growing influence, BRICS continues to face serious internal challenges. The grouping is far from unified on many strategic issues. India and China continue to share unresolved border tensions, while Russia’s confrontation with Western powers complicates the alliance’s global positioning. Different political systems, economic priorities and foreign policy approaches also make consensus difficult. Unlike military alliances or formal political unions, BRICS functions through cooperation among nations with diverse and sometimes competing interests.Yet, the relevance of BRICS remains undeniable because it reflects the emergence of a multipolar world. The dominance of a single power centre is gradually weakening, but a stable alternative has not fully emerged. In this transitional phase, BRICS has become a symbol of resistance against unequal global structures and an advocate for a more balanced international order.
However, the future credibility of BRICS will depend not on speeches or declarations alone, but on its ability to act collectively. The grouping must move beyond shared grievances and offer practical solutions on trade, technology, climate finance, development and conflict resolution. It must also prove that diversity within the alliance can become a source of strength rather than division.The Delhi summit represents an important moment for BRICS. It is a test of whether emerging powers can work together despite their differences and shape a fairer global system. If BRICS succeeds in maintaining unity and presenting constructive alternatives, it may redefine the balance of international politics in the years ahead.
